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The purpose of this study was to investigate the NOAEL of the nickel ion and provide with basic data for the biological evaluation of those medical devices containing nickel. Five groups SD rats were repeatedly exposed during 14 d respectively to nickel at first stage doses of 4.9, 3.7, 2.5 mg/(kg.d), and the second stage doses of 1.2, 0.25 mg/(kg.d) by the intravenous route. The results showed that the NOAEL of nickel ion is 0.25 mg/(kg.d) for SD rats, and the result was verified by subchronic systemic toxicity test of nickel alloy. The threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) of nickel is 150 μg/d (based on application of 100-fold uncertainty factor and a body weight of 60 kg)deduced by these data.
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Animals , Rats , Equipment and Supplies/adverse effects , Nickel/toxicity , No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the survival time of people living with HIV/AIDS and related influencing factors in Sichuan province during 1991-2017.@*Methods@#A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the data of 143 988 HIV/AIDS cases. The data were collected from Chinese HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Information Management System. Life table method was used to calculate the survival proportion of the cases, and Cox proportion hazard regression model was used to identify the factors related with survival time.@*Results@#Among 143 988 HIV/AIDS cases a total of 30 420 cases died of AIDS related diseases (21.1%) and the average survival time was 11.51 years (95%CI: 11.39-11.64). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the influencing factors for the survival of HIV/AIDS cases were gender (male vs. female, HR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.32-1.40), education level (primary school or below vs. junior middle school: HR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.12-1.18), ethnic group (Han vs. other ethnic groups, HR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.41-1.52), occupation (farmer vs. other occupations: HR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.22-1.29), age (≥55 years old vs. 15-24 years old: HR=3.18, 95%CI: 3.02- 3.36), disease phase (AIDS vs. HIV infection: HR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.39-1.48), antiretroviral therapy (ART) (receiving ART vs. receiving no ART: HR=0.20, 95%CI: 0.19-0.20), and CD4+T cell counts at diagnosis (>500 cells/μl vs.<200 cells/μl: HR=0.42, 95%CI: 0.40-0.45).@*Conclusions@#The average survival time of HIV/AIDS cases was 11.51 years in Sichuan during 1991- 2017. The risk factors for the survival of the cases were male, education level of primary school or below, Han ethnic group, farmer, old age at diagnosis, disease phase, The protective factors for the survival of HIV/AIDS cases were receiving ART and higher CD4+ T cell counts at diagnosis.
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Objective To investigate the level of spirituality in cancer patients in a 3A grade hospital of Changsha and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods In this study, convenience sampling method was used to select 196 patients with cancer from three hospitals in a 3A grade hospital of Changsha from October 2016 to October 2017. The general situation questionnaire, the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy (FACIT-Sp-12), the social support scale and the post traumatic growth inventory were used to investigate the patient′s spiritual status and to analyze the influencing factors. Results The total spiritual score of cancer patients was 31.09 ± 8.89, the score of meaning dimension was 10.71±2.75, and the peace dimension was 9.84±3.19 and the belief dimension was 10.54± 2.98. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that age, cancer stage, education level, the subjective support of Social Support, relating to others and personal strength of The Posttraumatic Growth were the influencing factors for the spiritual status of cancer patients. Conclusions the spiritual status of cancer patients in a 3A grade hospital of Changsha is at medium level, and the spiritual status is closely related to age, education level, cancer stage, social support and post traumatic growth level. Medical staff should provide spiritual care for patients to improve their psychology and Mental Health and quality of life.
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Objective To carry out further analysis and assessment of the radiation risk from DSA examinations and related factors.Methods All the online radiation dose values and associated parameters of the 107 patients examined were collected for purpose of statistical analyses according to their classification.Results The analyses of DSA examinations indicated:for coronary angiography,DAP was (22 285.5±18 682.7)μGy·m2,ESD was (2 942.1 ±2 557.3) mGy;for head angiography,DAP (25 929.6±8 302.7) μGy·m2,ESD (1 288.8 ±682.3) mGy;for abdominal angiography,DAP (12 129.7 ± 10 646.1) μGy· m2,ESD (730.1 ± 584.7) mGy.Conclusions Among total accumulated radiation dose,the dose arising form coronary angiography is the highest,followed by the head angiography,and the dose from abdominal angiography is the lowest.
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Objective To investigate the distribution of five indicators of hepatitis B(HBV-M)and its relationship with liver function parameters and HBV-DNA load in patients with chronic HBV infection in different stages.Methods The serum samples were collected from 456 patients infected with HBV.The HBV-M,liver functional parameters and HBV-DNA level were quantita-tively detected.According to the stages of disease,the patients were divided into 3 groups including chronic hepatitis B group(inclu-ding mild subgroup,moderate subgroup and severe subgroup),liver cirrhosis group(including compensatory subgroup,decompen-sated subgroup)and hepatocellular carcinoma goup.Results The ratio of HBsAg,HBeAg,HBcAb positive pattern(135 pattern) and HBsAg,HBeAb,HBcAb positive pattern(145 pattern)in the three groups were statistically different(P <0.05).In each chron-ic hepatitis B subgroup,both ALT and AST levels of 135 pattern were significantly higher than the other two patterns(P <0.05). In each liver cirrhosis subgroup and hepatocellular carcinoma group,there were statistically significant differences in ALB and TBIL levels between the three patterns(P <0.05 ).In each group,the HBV-DNA level of 135 positive pattern were significantly higher than the other two patterns(P <0.05).Conclusion With the advancement of chronic hepatitis B,there is a downtrend in the ratio of 135 pattern and increasing trend in the ratio of 145 pattern.If the stage of hepatitis B is discriminated,ALT,AST,ALB TBIL and HBV-DNA level were closely related to HBV-M pattern.
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Objective:To investigate the changes of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and Glutathione(GSH) and their chronological order in the apoptosis of K562 cells induced by simvastatin to explore the apoptosis mechanism.Methods:K562 cells cultivated in routine method for 24h were exposed in the simvastatin 20?mol/L.Cell morphological analysis were conducted at 48h and the vitalities of K562 cells were cultivated detected with MTT at different times(12,24,48,72 h) respectively.Fluorochrome flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptotic ratio and changes of intracellular ROS.The content of intracellular GSH in K562 cells was measured by colorimetric method.Results:K562 cells presented typical apoptosis morphological changes the treatment of simvastatin for 48h.cell inhibition ratio at different times(12,24,48,and 72 h) were 0,(19.02?0.92)%,(56.4?3.20)%,(74.4?5.54)% respectively and cell growth of K562 was inhibited.The apoptotic ratio were(2.55?0.25)%,(6.1?0.35)%,(14.15?0.42)%,and(30.70?0.65)% respectively.Furthermore,the changes of fluorescence intensity of ROS were also significantly increased(P
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)at different time in the process of simvastatin-induced apoptosis of K562 cells.METHODS:K562 cells cultivated by routine method for 24h were treated in the 20? mol? L-1 simvastatin for 12,24,48,and 72h,respectively.And theh cell morphological changes were observed.Vitality of K562 cells was detected with MTT;flow cytometry were performed to detect cell apoptotic ratio and changes of mitochondrial membrane potential,and the detection results were compared with those in solvent control group.RESULTS:As compared with control group,the morphology changes of K562 cells such as karyopyconosis,nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic body emerged after treatment with 20? mol? L-1 simvastatin for 48h;the apoptotic ratio at 12,24,48,and 72h increased by(2.55? 0.35)%,(6.1? 0.35)%,(14.15? 0.42)%,and(30.70? 0.65)%,respectively;and the apoptotic ratio of K562 cells increased time-dependently.The cell membrane potential was decreased by(0.7? 0.24)%,(39.6? 4.80)%,(24.4? 2.45)%,and(6.0? 1.62)%,respectively,with that at 24h showing the highest decreasing rate.CONCLUSION:The change of MMP is the early events of apoptosis.The potential mechanism of K562 cells apoptosis induced by simvastatin might be related to the collapse of MMP.